Research Progress on the Influence of Bile Acids on the Immune Response of Hepatitis B Vaccine / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

Hepatitis B vaccine （HepB） vaccination is the safest and most effective means of preventing hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection. HepB non-response is influenced by multiple factors， and solving the problem of poor immune response after HepB vaccination is of great significance for controlling HBV infection. Bile acids play an important role in human immune regulation， and whether bile acids have an effect on the HepB immune response has not been definitively studied. This article reviews the correlation between bile acids and HepB immune response， and provides a reference for further clarifying the pathogenesis and immunoprevention of bile acids in vaccine immunity.

Regulatory effect of Ac-SDKP on phosphorylated heat shock protein 27/SNAI1 pathway in silicotic rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To study the effect of anti-fibrotic tetrapeptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) on phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (P-HSP27) and zinc finger family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) expression to explore the anti-silicosis fibrosis effect of Ac-SDKP. Methods: In December 2014, the rat silicosis animal model was prepared by one-time bronchial infusion of silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) dust. 80 SPF healthy adult Wistar rats were selected, and the rats were divided into 8 groups according to the random number table method, 10 in each group. Model control group for 4 weeks (feeding for 4 weeks) , model control group for 8 weeks (feeding for 8 weeks) : bronchial perfusion with normal saline 1.0 ml per animal. Silicosis model group for 4 weeks (feeding for 4 weeks) and silicosis model group for 8 weeks (feeding for 8 weeks) : bronchial perfusion of 50 mg/ml SiO(2) suspension 1.0 ml per animal. Ac-SDKP administration group for 4 weeks (feeding for 4 weeks) , Ac-SDKP administration group for 8 weeks (feeding for 8 weeks) : Ac-SDKP 800 μg·kg(-1)·d(-1) was administered by intraperitoneal pump. Ac-SDKP preventive treatment group: 48 h after Ac-SDKP 800 μg·kg(-1)·d(-1) administration, bronchial perfusion of SiO(2) suspension 1.0 ml per animal, raised for 8 weeks. Ac-SDKP anti-fibrosis treatment group: after bronchial perfusion of 1.0 ml of SiO(2) suspension for 4 weeks, Ac-SDKP 800 μg·kg(-1)·d(-1) was administered for 4 weeks. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of P-HSP27, SNAI1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) , and collage typeⅠ and Ⅲ in each group. The expression of P-HSP27 and SNAI1 was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the co-localized expression of P-HSP27 and α-SMA was detected by laser confocal microscopy. Results: Compared with the model control group, the expressions of P-HSP27, SNAI1, α-SMA, and collage typeⅠ and Ⅲ in the silicosis fibrosis area of the rats in the silicosis model group were enhanced, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . After Ac-SDKP intervention, compared with silicosis model group for 8 weeks, the expressions of P-HSP27, SNAI1 α-SMA, and collage typeⅠ and Ⅲ in the Ac-SDKP preventive and anti-fibrosis treatment groups were significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . However, the expressions of P-HSP27 SNAI1, and collage typeⅠ and Ⅲ between the Ac-SDKP administration group and the model control group did not change significantly, and the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05) . Laser confocal results showed that the positive cells expressing P-HSP27 and α-SMA in the lung tissue of the silicosis model group were more than those in the model control group. Compared with the silicosis model group, the Ac-SDKP prevention and anti-fibrosis treatment groups expressing the positive cells of P-HSP27 and α-SMA decreased. Compared with the model control group for 8 weeks, there were some double-positive cells expressing P-HSP27 and α-SMA in the nodules of the silicosis model group for 8 weeks. Conclusion: Ac-SDKP may play an anti-silicic fibrosis effect by regulating the P-HSP27/SNAI1 pathway.

Construction of a comprehensive nutritional index and its correlation with quality of life and survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing IMRT: A prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between a comprehensive nutritional index (CNI) and QoL in patients with NPC who undergo IMRT and to explore the relationship between CNI and survival. METHODS: 359 patients with newly diagnosed NPC were enrolled. QoL was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 and Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module at three time points: before, immediately after, and 3 months after IMRT. The CNI comprised five values including body mass index, usual body weight percentage, hemoglobin, albumin, and total lymphocyte count, and was evaluated before and immediately after IMRT. The correlation between the CNI and QoL and the effect of CNI on prognosis were analysed. RESULTS: QoL and CNI scores decreased remarkably after IMRT (P < 0.05). The CNI was quite low in patients with III-IV clinical tumor stage and those undergoing induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy. After IMRT, lower CNI score correlated worse QoL (P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that patients with lower CNI had significantly poorer survival outcomes (P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, CNI remained an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: CNI can be recommended as an appropriate indicator reflecting the integrated nutrition status of NPC patients. Low CNI was associated with poor QoL and predicted a poor survival outcome. More interventions should be taken to improve the nutrition status of NPC patients to improve QoL and enhance survival outcomes.

Effect of nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in nasal polyp cells / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To observe the effect of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in nasal polyp cells under hypoxic cultivation,and to investigate the relationship between NF-κB signaling pathway and the development of nasal polyp.Methods The nasal polyp and inferior turbinate tissue specimens were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University from January 2012 to December 2014.The nasal polyp and inferior turbinate tissues were taken to obtain nasal polyp cells and inferior turbinate cells,then the cells were cultured in primary culture,and the cells were cultured under hypoxia when they grew to 90％.When the cells were cultured in vitro to 90％,the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 was added (inhibitor intervention group),the other cells without inhibitor were used as controls (no inhibitor group),then the cells in the two groups were cultured under hypoxia.The cells were collected when they were cultured for 0,3,6 and 9 hours,respectively;and the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in the cells were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with 0 hour,the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in nasal polyp cells increased significantly after 3,6 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＜ 0.05);however,the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in inferior turbinate cells was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in nasal polyposis cells after 6 hours of hypoxic cultivation was significantly higher than that after 3 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＜ 0.05);but there was no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein in nasal polyp cells between 3 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with 0 hour,the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells of no inhibitor group increased significantly after 3,6 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＜ 0.05);and the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells after 6 hours of hypoxic cultivation was significantly higher than that after 3 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation in no inhibitor group (P ＜ 0.05).But there was no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells of no inhibitor group between 3 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells of the inhibitor intervention group among 0,3,6 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells between no inhibitor group and inhibitor intervention group at 0 hour of hypoxic cultivation (P ＞0.05).The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in nasal polyp cells of inhibitor intervention group was significantly lower than that of no inhibitor group after 3,6 and 9 hours of hypoxic cultivation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of HIF-1α,VEGF and NF-κB p65 protein increased in nasal polyp cells under hypoxia condition.NF-κB signaling pathway may mediate hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression,and participate in the occurrence and development of nasal polyp.

Importance of activated hepatic stellate cells and angiopoietin-1 in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Previous studies have determined that activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by increasing angiogenesis in cancerous tissues. In addition, angiopoietin 1 (Ang­1) has been reported to be involved in tumor growth and metastasis via the promotion of angiogenesis. It remains unclear whether aHSCs and Ang­1 are involved in the angiogenesis in HCC. A total of 25 HCC and tumor­adjacent tissues, and 21 normal liver tissues were used in the present study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of Ang­1 and α smooth muscle actin (α­SMA). The expression of CD34 was also analyzed using IHC to evaluate the microvessel density (MVD). The protein expression levels of Ang­1 were evaluated using western blot analysis. The association between aHSC, Ang­1 and angiogenesis was determined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The present study determined that the expression of α­SMA, Ang­1 and MVD (CD34) was significantly higher in the HCC tissues when compared with tumor­adjacent tissues and normal liver tissues. Spearman's rank analysis identified a positive correlation between the expression of α­SMA, Ang­1 and CD34. This suggests that α­SMA­positive aHSCs promoted angiogenesis by expressing Ang­1, resulting in the proliferation and metastasis of HCC.

Cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 80 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the clinicopathologic characteristics of cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) and to evaluate the usefulness of EnVision immunohistochemistry of various markers in identifying early invasive cervical adenocarcinoma (ICA) and its precursor lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and pathological characteristics of 80 cases of high grade CGIN (HCGIN), 20 ICA, and 20 cervicitis were reviewed along with immunohistochemical studies of p16, Ki-67, CEA, CA125 and bcl-2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The clinical features of HCGIN were similar to those of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Fourty four cases (55.0%) accompanied with CIN and 9 cases (11.3%) accompanied with early cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The positive rates of p16, CEA and Ki-67 in 80 cases of HCGIN were 100.0%, 63.8% and 73.8%, respectively. The positive rates of p16, CEA and Ki-67 in 20 ICA were 18/20, 16/20 and 20/20, respectively. The positive rates of p16, CEA and Ki-67 in 20 cervicitis were 1/20, 1/20 and 3/20, respectively. There was a significantly increased expression of p16, CEA and Ki-67 in ICA and HCGIN compared with cervicitis (P < 0.01). Ki-67 expression increased in ICA compared to HCGIN (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in CEA expression between ICA and HCGIN (P > 0.05). CA125 showed strong but nonspecific expression. Bcl-2 was negative or occasionally positive in each groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HCGIN is frequently accompanied with CIN and SCC. The combined staining of p16, CEA and Ki-67 provides additional aid in the diagnosis of early stage cervical adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesions. The sensitivity of p16 and Ki-67 markers for HCGIN is higher than that of CEA. CA125 and bcl-2 immunostains offer no helpful in identifying HCGIN.</p>